74岁女性患者,身体不同部位有瘙痒和含浆液的大疱性病变病史1.5个月。她有糖尿病、高血压和甲状腺肿大的病史。三年前,她因左侧脑血管意外患上了布洛卡失语和完全性右侧偏瘫。皮肤检查显示大疱松弛,直径0.5-5cm,主要在躯干、肩膀、手臂和腿部有糜烂。我们进行了活检,发现表皮下剥离和嗜酸性粒细胞占优势的混合炎症浸润(图1e)。在病变周围皮肤的直接免疫荧光活检中,发现在真皮-表皮交界处线性IgG和C3沉积呈阳性。我们无法研究间接免疫荧光BpAg1 (230 kDa)和BpAg2 (180 kDa),因为我们没有进行测试/分析的设备。我们诊断她的情况为血压,并开始治疗中效和高效局部类固醇约两周。不幸的是,她的反应并不好。由于全身性病变和继发感染的风险,我们进行了全身性治疗。 We started with 60 mg/day methylprednisolone and 100 mg dapsone once daily. The lesions showed resistance to dapsone treatment and she began to develop anaemia; therefore, the treatment was discontinued after 13 days. The methylprednisolone was then increased to 120 mg/day and 150 mg/day of azathioprine was added. After increasing the systemic steroid doses, most of the lesions on the left side of the body improved; however, there was poor improvement on the right side with hemiplegia, and large blisters and bullae continued to occur (Figures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d).
以往的研究和病例报告表明,神经系统疾病,如痴呆、帕金森病、多发性硬化症等可能与BP有关,BP的发病年龄可在1.5岁至60岁之间。最近,有报道称某些神经疾病与老年人群血压之间存在关联[4,5]。在与BP相关的神经系统疾病中,AG1是一种常见的抗原,可在BP发病机制中发挥作用,BpAG-1a出现在神经组织,BpAG-1b出现在肌肉,BpAG-1e出现在皮肤。有假设认为,在神经退行性和炎症过程中,释放的自身抗体在与表皮的BpAG-1e相互作用之前,可产生针对神经元的BpAG-1a抗原的抗体,从而引起BP。BP常见于老年人,神经系统疾病在该年龄段也较为常见。然而,这种关系包含一些限制。在我们的患者中,脑血管疾病后BP病变的发展,特别是右侧偏瘫患者对治疗的抵抗,提示交叉反应可能在BP与神经疾病的关联中发挥作用。不幸的是,由于缺乏足够的技术,我们无法研究bpa1、bpa1亚型和bpa2。多项研究表明,BpAG1是神经系统疾病中常见的自身免疫反应,伴发BP可能在老年人神经系统疾病和神经系统疾病中发挥重要作用。也许,痴呆和帕金森氏病等疾病会引起免疫交叉反应:神经系统事件会导致血脑屏障的破坏,随后暴露出神经元亚型BP230,触发免疫系统。 It has been suggested that circulating autoantibodies against “dyston” in the neurological system may be identical to BpAG1 [6]. Although we did not perform BpAG1 isoform studies, we suggest a relationship between neurological diseases and BpAG1. BpAG1 is thought to be a marker in the neuroimmune response and even in neurodegenerative diseases.